ABSTRACT
On the basis of the chromogenic reaction between Hg and CuI, a semi-quantitative solid sampling Hg analyzer comprising the catalytic furance, Hg testing tube, air pump and smart cellphone was developed. White carrier 101 was chosen as the adsorbent for CuI to react with Hg from the catalytic furnace. The established Hg analyzer can not only visually recognize the coloration when Hg exceeding the limit standard, but also semi-quantitatively detect the Hg content in cosmetics fast using a smart cellphone and RGB analysis software, after direct solid sampling introduction of cosmetics sample. The instrumental detection limit ( LOD) of mercury was 50 ng, the linearity ranged from 50 ng to 2500 ng, the linear regression coefficient ( R2) was higher than 0. 97, and the RSD of the corresponding RGB values was 6% ( n=11 ) . Nine real cosmetics samples were measured by the established method, whose relative differences of Hg contents with that by the standard method (Safety Technical Specification for Cosmetics, 2015 edition) were less than 10% . The whole analytical time can be controlled within 5 min. The established instrumental method is simple, fast, accurate and visual, and extremely suitable to fast and on-site monitoring of Hg in cosmetics samples.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of glutamine combined with ulinastatin on inflammatory response of patients with severe burn injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with severe burn injury admitted to our burn wards from January 2010 to December 2011 conforming to the study criteria were divided into control group (C, n = 20), glutamine group (G, n = 20), and glutamine combined with ulinastatin group (G + U, n = 20) according to the random number table. Another 10 healthy volunteers were chosen as normal control group (NC). Isonitrogenous and isocaloric nutrition supports were given to patients in groups C, G, and G + U from post burn day (PBD) 2. 0.3 g/kg protein in the form of glutamine dipeptide was given to patients in group G for 10 days. 0.3 g/kg protein was given to patients in group G + U for 10 days with the same amount of glutamine dipeptide as that in group G, followed by intravenous injection of 100 kU ulinastatin (once per 8 hours) for 7 days during 10 days. The nitrogen concentration of 24 h urine was determined with Kieldahl nitrogen determination method, and nitrogen balance was calculated one day before treatment and ten days after treatment. Meanwhile, the levels of D-lactate in serum was determined by colorimetric method, the levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), TNF-α, and IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and LPS level by kinetic turbidimetric assay with TAL. Above-mentioned indexes were also examined in group NC. The wound healing rate on PBD 30, total hospital stay days, and the incidence of burn sepsis of all burn patients were recorded. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance, LSD test, t test, and chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that in group C [(-5.40 ± 1.67) g/d], nitrogen balance in group G was significantly increased ten days after treatment [(-1.35 ± 0.59) g/d, P < 0.01]. The serum levels of D-lactate, DAO, LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 in group G ten days after treatment were significantly lower than those in group C (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed in nitrogen balance and the serum levels of D-lactate, DAO between group G + U and group G (P values all above 0.05). The serum levels of LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 in group G + U ten days after treatment were respectively (0.167 ± 0.064) EU/mL, (43 ± 14) pg/mL, (139 ± 23) pg/mL, which were significantly lower than those in group G [(0.240 ± 0.079) EU/mL, (59 ± 8) pg/mL, (195 ± 31) pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. The would healing rate on PBD 30 and total hospital stay days in group G were respectively higher and shorter than those in group C (P values all below 0.01), but no statistically significant difference in the incidence of burn sepsis was found between them (P > 0.05). The would healing rate on PBD 30 in group G+U [(96 ± 4)%] was enhanced, and total hospital stay days [(41 ± 4) d] were lowered than those in group G [(88 ± 7)%, (49 ± 5)d, P values all below 0.01]. The incidence of burn sepsis of patients in group G + U (5%) was significantly lower than that in group C (35%, χ(2) = 6.234, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Glutamine combined with ulinastatin treatment can alleviate damage to intestine after severe burn injury, lower the serum level of inflammatory cytokines, promote wound healing, and reduce the incidence of burn sepsis.</p>